Which components are included in the medical management of Parkinson's Disease?

The correct choice indicates that the medical management of Parkinson's Disease encompasses both neuropharmacological and neurosurgical treatments. This is a comprehensive approach that is essential for effectively managing the symptoms and progression of the disease.

Neuropharmacological treatments involve the use of medications that help to regulate neurotransmitters in the brain, particularly dopamine, which is deficient in individuals with Parkinson's Disease. Common medications include levodopa, dopamine agonists, and MAO-B inhibitors, each playing a crucial role in managing motor symptoms like tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia.

On the other hand, neurosurgical treatments, such as deep brain stimulation (DBS), can be employed when medications are no longer sufficient to control symptoms or when significant side effects arise. These interventions target specific areas of the brain to help alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life.

This integrated approach is vital, as managing Parkinson's Disease typically requires a range of strategies to address both motor and non-motor symptoms comprehensively. Other options that focus solely on surgical interventions, physical therapy, or psychological counseling would not encapsulate the complete spectrum required for effective medical management of the disease. Therefore, highlighting both neuropharmacological and neurosurgical treatments represents the most accurate